For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other therapeutic methods are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat during a diet for gastritis of the stomach to benefit from the effect of such treatment?
General information about diets for gastritis
Treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug treatment, various diets.The diet for gastritis means a lot, because dry foods, snacks on the go (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or too hot foods and a large amount of spices can cause an exacerbation of gastritis.
The gastroenterologist prescribes a diet and drug treatment for gastritis depending on the type of disease, troubling symptoms and causes that led to the appearance of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially in the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet to follow?The prescribed regimen depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;Additionally, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you suffer from gastritis, exclude the following types of foods from your diet:
- all broths;
- animal fats;
- fried and spicy foods;
- smoked meats, all snacks;
- fatty meats and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to their difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and seasonings – onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated and undiluted sour juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes remission of the disease.Therefore, foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- plentiful table;
- consumption of cartilage, stringy meat, poultry skin;
- consumption of a significant amount of coarse fiber, found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried foods have a maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared by cooking in the oven or in a bain-marie.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, vegetable and mushroom decoctions;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, cookies;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that foods can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence of extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold foods - dishes with a temperature below 15° and above 57-62°C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is chosen based on its qualitative composition, the method of culinary processing of products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides for split meals, which facilitates digestion and absorption of food.It is better to eat mashed, warm, not rough dishes that have a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is advisable to fast, because the very consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term food abstinence, stomach acidity decreases, saliva production, bile and peristalsis also decrease.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when a complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light food.With this dietary program, toxins and waste leave the body faster.But there are contraindications to fasting - it is not used in case of significant weight loss, anorexia, when carrying a child, and is not used for children.
Fasting should not begin immediately with a complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be divided into two options: with the first option (dry fasting), the consumption of water is prohibited, the second option allows you to drink still mineral water or simply boiled water.On the second day you are allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts for 4-5 days.Coming out of a hunger strike begins with drinking rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to eat liquid porridges of oats, rice and semolina, prepared with water or with a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucous soups or cereal infusions with soups during the day.Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is excluded.
Separate food
Nutritional options when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy foods and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, cereals.Confectionery products (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By adhering to the principles of a separate diet, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Correctly combined food is absorbed faster, does not cause fermentation and no toxic substances are formed in the blood.
Food exit speed
To facilitate digestion and elimination of food from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid foods simultaneously.Liquid and pasty foods leave the stomach faster than solid foods, so it is recommended during diets to increase the speed of food passage.
Prunes and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time;if gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to consume it during the first months.
It also affects how fast food moves and what type it is – protein, carbs or fat.Carbs leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats stay the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the length of time food stays in the stomach, because fats are difficult to break down - the longer food stays in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Objective of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed for you;if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis are present, diet No. 5 is prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and a reduction in fresh fruits and vegetables).The duration of the diet is also chosen individually.A strict diet, prescribed in the acute stage, is followed for 1 to 2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of course of the disease.In case of acute erosive (ulcerative) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;during the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal gastritis, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, tobacco, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
For gastritis, the goal is to restore normal activity of the stomach, regenerate affected areas of the mucosa, normalize acidity and activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;you are allowed to drink tea and still mineral water.From the 2nd day, you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), boiled eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during the period of exacerbation;as symptoms disappear, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They act irritating |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Savory dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, marinated, smoked dishes |
| Vegetable puree (potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, cauliflower) | Rich and strong broths |
| Cottage cheese | Canned goods, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed.Food should be varied in composition;the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in these patients.
Authorized and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meats and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Savory and spicy dishes |
| Bulk porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Since patients with this form of gastritis often tolerate milk poorly, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and in casseroles or puddings.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should take place at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2 to 3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of an exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the goal of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet no. 2.
Table of authorized and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic drinks |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetables, fruits, peas | Savory, spicy dishes and seasonings (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, beet salads, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, diluted cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steamed omelets, boiled eggs | Coarse, stringy and fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juice (excluding grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, blackcurrant berries | Raw vegetables including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabaga, cabbage;marinated vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, biscuits | Fresh bread, pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;jam, compotes, jelly | Legumes, cereals – pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grainy caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals you need to drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It is good to start taking herbal bitters - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion;drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away as it enhances gas formation processes.You can also drink coffee, but no more than one cup per day.
In addition, the diet is expanded and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir and strong tea.If you feel good, the diet expands after a few months - you can eat almost anything, but you should not abuse salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.Hot dishes should be present at breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast– weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast– apple (baked);
- lunch– compote, steamed meat cutlet accompanied by buckwheat porridge, meatball broth;
- dinner– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before going to bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat at certain times, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food well - crushed food does not injure the mucous membrane and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which helps digest food.All dishes should be lightly seasoned and salted.
The first weeks the diet is almost the same as with low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, it can be diluted - drunk, added to tea.If this does not solve the problem, it is replaced with slimy soups.
All foods should be pureed, warm and chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice are added.The principle of split meals is also retained.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for losing weight).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, after - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of authorized and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Boiled lean meats: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes based on them, boiled in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflé | Spicy, smoked and fried (or cooked with a crust - grill) dishes, sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish: hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juice |
| Porridges that boil well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh white cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steamed omelettes, boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles made from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Glutinous soups with the addition of mashed cereals, mashed milk porridges of various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, seasonings, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented dairy products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic drinks |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
An hour before meals, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried crackers can replace fresh black bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for exacerbation:
- breakfast - steamed omelet, pureed milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- lunch - puree soup made from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beet puree, tea with milk;
- in the evening - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
To facilitate preparation, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account permitted foods.It is very practical and respects the rules of gentle cooking when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.These are most often cereal soups prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are prepared with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
To prepare main dishes, it is better to use cooking (steam or water bath).This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove extractive substances), then the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Examples of recipes from foods allowed during diets:
First lessons
Creamy Squash and Dill Soup
Boil the zucchini and potatoes and put in a blender.Bring to the desired structure with vegetable broth, salt, add cream and finely chopped dill.
Glutinous rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, lightly salted and brought to a boil.Cool the soup to 70°C, add the egg-cream mixture and whisk.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
Ground turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form cutlets and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apples, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-whipped whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is poured with fruit jelly.
Curd soufflé
Whisk cottage cheese, yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Whipped whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass in the form is steamed.